Diagnosis

1. The presence of kidney calculi is established through kidney imaging (usually CT scanning).
2. Metabolic profiling, measuring substances in the blood such as uric acid, calcium, phosphate, and metabolites in urine such as calcium, phosphate, citrate, uric acid and oxalate are useful.
3. Determining whether there is a systemic disease, such as hyperparathyroidism, that may contribute to stone formation.
4. Excluding genetic stone forming diseases such as cysteinuria.

Management

• Much depends on whether there was a single episode of kidney stone, recurrent episodes associated with complications, or whether there is a disease process which if treated would reduce the chances of kidney stone.
• The patient’s symptomatologies are very important in determining whether intervention is required.

• Treatment involves both non- pharmacological and pharmacological approach.
• Non Pharmacological approach involve diet and life style changes.
• Pharmacolgical approach involve use of medications. You doctor will advise medications based on your test results and risk assessment.